#Extreme dot by dot series#
Temperature variability describes fluctuations in a time series of temperature at various (from daily to decadal) time scales. This effect, however, is uncertain because some studies also report alleviated hot extremes following deforestation 17, 18.Īlthough the deforestation effects on the mean, the diurnal cycle, and extremes of temperature have been widely documented, how deforestation influences temperature variability remains largely unknown.
On hot days, forests can maintain a relatively lower ambient temperature due to sustained evapotranspiration and more efficient heat dissipation 16 thus, deforestation tends to aggravate hot extremes 16, 19, 20. Deforestation can further influence temperature extremes, particularly hot extremes 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. This diurnal asymmetry of temperature responses to deforestation amplifies the diurnal temperature range 10, 15. Deforestation also causes daytime warming and nighttime cooling effects over most regions of the world 9, 13, 14, 15. In the mid-latitudes, however, the deforestation effect is complicated and uncertain because of the lower model agreement in this regard 11, 12. The albedo-driven cooling effect dominates boreal regions, whereas the evapotranspiration-driven warming effect dominates the tropics 7, 8, 9, 10. On the one hand, deforestation enlarges the surface albedo and cools the climate on the other hand, deforestation diminishes evapotranspiration and warms the climate due to the lower aerodynamic roughness, rooting depth, leaf area, and canopy conductance for transpiration 4, 5, 6. In addition to the impact on the carbon cycle, deforestation also has profound impacts on local and regional climate through biogeophysical processes 3. This study reveals the overlooked effects of deforestation or afforestation on temperature variability and has implications for large-scale afforestation in northern extratropic countries.įorests have undergone tremendous losses and gains due to human and natural disturbances in recent decades 1, 2. We also show responses of daily temperature variability to historical deforestation and future potential afforestation. The higher temperature variability can be attributed to the enhanced near-surface horizontal temperature advection and simultaneously is partly offset by the lower variability in surface sensible heat flux. Here, we show that deforestation can intensify daily temperature variability (by up to 20%) in the northern extratropics, particularly in winter, leading to more frequent rapid extreme warming and cooling events. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigate the biogeophysical effects of idealized deforestation on daily temperature variability at the global scale based on multiple earth system models and in situ observations. Every puzzle takes time and concentration to complete.While the biogeophysical effects of deforestation on average and extreme temperatures are broadly documented, how deforestation influences temperature variability remains largely unknown. That means solvers can enjoy working on intricate, elaborate images that offer more of a challenge than the average dot-to-dot. Go extreme! These bigger-than-usual dot-to-dots mean more solving fun.Įach of these giant dot-to-dot puzzles takes up its own two-page spread-not just one.
The images are specially designed to make it easy to draw from one page to the other, and, as an extra, you c. Every puzzle takes time and concentration to complete.
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